What document establishes security categories for both information and information systems?

The correct document that establishes security categories for both information and information systems is FIPS 199. This Federal Information Processing Standard specifically outlines the guidelines for the categorization of federal information and information systems based on the impact that a loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability would have on organizational operations, organizational assets, or individuals.

By designating information and systems into different security categories, FIPS 199 provides a systematic approach that helps organizations determine the security controls they must implement to protect their assets adequately. The document uses predefined impact levels—low, moderate, and high—to classify information, facilitating a consistent method for gauging risk and requirements across various federal entities.

Other documents mentioned have different focal points; for instance, NIST 800-30 is primarily concerned with risk assessment and does not directly establish security categories, while FIPS 200 focuses on minimum security requirements for information systems but does not categorize the security of both information and systems. CNSS Instruction 1253 is centered around national security systems and does not address categorization in the same comprehensive manner.