Define “risk” in the context of information security.

In the context of information security, "risk" is defined as the potential for loss or damage when a threat exploits a vulnerability. This definition encompasses the fundamental principle of risk assessment and management, which involves identifying potential threats to information systems and understanding how vulnerabilities can be targeted by those threats.

When discussing information security, it is essential to recognize that risks arise not merely from the presence of vulnerabilities or threats independently, but from the interaction of these elements. A threat might exploit a specific vulnerability, leading to potential harm, such as data breaches, financial loss, or damage to the organization’s reputation. Therefore, by focusing on the combination of the potential for a threat to exploit a vulnerability, this definition captures the essence of risk as it relates to the security of information.

The other options do not encompass the full definition of "risk." For instance, while the likelihood of hardware failure relates to risk, it does not include the broader context of threats and vulnerabilities. Similarly, the overall security posture pertains to the effectiveness of security measures rather than the specific concept of risk. Finally, the costs associated with implementing security measures are related to financial considerations but do not define risk itself. Thus, the correct definition emphasizes the dynamic relationship between vulnerabilities and threats within the realm of information